Influence of nutrition on feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis with emphasis on endogenous oxalate synthesis.
نویسندگان
چکیده
The prevalence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths detected in cats with lower urinary tract disease has shown a sharp increase over the last decades with a concomitant reciprocal decrease in the occurrence of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths. CaOx stone-preventative diets are available nowadays, but seem to be marginally effective, as CaOx urolith recurrence occurs in patients fed these diets. In order to improve the preventative measures against CaOx urolithiasis, it is important to understand its aetiopathogenesis. The main research focus in CaOx formation in cats has been on the role of Ca, whereas little research effort has been directed towards the role and origin of urinary oxalates. As in man, the exogenous origin of urinary oxalates in cats is thought to be of minor importance, although the precise contribution of dietary oxalates remains unclear. The generally accepted dietary risk factors for CaOx urolithiasis in cats are discussed and a model for the biosynthetic pathways of oxalate in feline liver is provided. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1) in endogenous oxalate metabolism is a liver-specific enzyme targeted in the mitochondria in cats, and allows for efficient conversion of glyoxylate to glycine when fed a carnivorous diet. The low peroxisomal activity of AGT1 in cat liver is compatible with the view that felids utilised a low-carbohydrate diet throughout evolution. Future research should focus on understanding de novo biosynthesis of oxalate in cats and their adaptation(s) in oxalate metabolism, and on dietary oxalate intake and absorption by cats.
منابع مشابه
Urinary composition of cats is affected by the source of dietary protein.
Feline lower urinary tract disease is an important clinical problem in cats. Epidemiological data based on urinary stones submitted for examination show over the last decade a consistent trend for struvite calculi to decrease and calcium oxalate to increase (1,2). The risk for cats to develop urolithiasis is related to dietary and nondietary factors. Higher solute concentrations, a subsequent s...
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Feline urolithiasis represents 15% of all cases of nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease in cats. Approximately 50% of feline uroliths are composed of struvite. Struvite urolithiasis commonly recurs, but optimal management may decrease its frequency. The pathophysiology and management of struvite urolithiasis are different in cats and dogs. This article focuses on struvite urolithiasis in ...
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This study attempted to discover why feline CaOx urolithiasis prevalence has recently increased. By offering 3 different diets, the researchers investigated differences in UOx excretion. HP was associated with slightly more acidic and concentrated urine, with no significant difference in UOx excretion. Several limitations were present; for instance, young adult, intact, lean, female cats were u...
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[Oxalobacter formigenes--characteristics and role in development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis].
Microorganisms are one of the important factors for urinary calculi formation. While urease-positive bacteria and nanobacteria contribute to stone formation, Oxalobacter formigenes rods play a protective role against the development of urolithiasis. Proteus mirabilis alkaline environment of the urinary tract and cause crystallization mainly of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). However, n...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Nutrition research reviews
دوره 24 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2011